Although individual dogs with low-risk lifestyles (i.e., minimal exposure to other animals) may benefit from herd immunity, unvaccinated individuals are still more vulnerable to infection, and reductions in population-level vaccination rates without eradication of the pathogen will inevitably result in a recurrence of disease at outbreak levels. Vaccines have mitigated the impact of infectious diseases on populations through herd immunity so successfully that some dog owners may hold the perception that vaccination is no longer necessary. Whether or not administering both types of vaccines simultaneously would engender superior immunity may be dependent on previous immunological experience it is unlikely to do harm, but veterinarians are encouraged to follow their best clinical judgement for the individual patient. Generally speaking, especially in the case of a primary vaccine series in puppies with variable amounts of passive immunity, it is preferable, immunologically, to start with IN (mucosal) delivery and follow-up a minimum of 10 days later with injectable vaccine. The short answer is we don't really know, as it has never really been formally addressed with current vaccines. Track outbreaks of canine influenza in the United States here If a dog or puppy is to be vaccinated with both a parenteral CAV-2 and an intranasal CAV-2, such as a core combo and a kennel cough combo, is it preferable to administer the vaccines simultaneously or separated by a time interval? Other instances where groups of dogs commingle.Risk should be determined by current circulation of canine influenza virus and etiologic diagnosis using PCR in canine infectious upper respiratory disease (CIRD) cases. Routine use of canine influenza vaccines in all dogs is currently not recommended by the task force. Should dogs be vaccinated for canine influenza? However, dogs that are at risk for bordetella are also at risk for canine parainfluenza virus and canine adenovirus-2, and combination IN bordetella and injectable core vaccines contain these antigens and are recommended by this task force. What’s the Risk of Lyme Disease in My State? Pet Disease Alerts Pet Parasite Forecast – Lyme Disease Which bordetella vaccine is recommended?Īll bordetella vaccinations work well. Although at least 21 species of borrelial pathogens can cause Lyme disease, in North America disease is due almost exclusively to Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme disease is caused by infection with tick-transmitted borrelial pathogens. Vaccination for Lyme borreliosis should be considered for dogs that live within or travel to regions with emerging or endemic Lyme disease. Should dogs be vaccinated for Lyme disease? Boarding in kennels or attending dog daycares.Dogs spending any time outdoors (including urban, suburban, and rural environments).Leptospirosis occurs throughout North America, and while often associated with exposure to water, infection is well documented in arid regions such as Arizona. Dogs of any age, breed, or sex can be infected. Small-breed dogs are frequently infected, perhaps because of urban and suburban exposure of dogs to wildlife reservoirs including rodents. Historically, the disease was most common in large-breed dogs with rural outdoor exposure. Most dogs in North America should be considered at risk of leptospirosis. Leptospira (should be considered for all dogs based on increasing prevalence)įor more information, see Table 2: 2022 AAHA Core and Noncore Vaccines for Dogs Should dogs be vaccinated for leptospirosis?.In addition to these, other vaccines are essential for some dogs based on their lifestyle and risk. +/- Parainfluenza (often given in combination vaccines)įor more information, see Table 2: 2022 AAHA Core and Noncore Vaccines for Dogs What other vaccines are required for dogs, based on lifestyle?.What vaccines are required for all dogs?Īll dogs should have the following vaccines: Ask, “What is core for this patient?” and create a personalized plan based on environment, risk, and your good clinical judgment. Vaccines that have historically been called “noncore” are just as essential as the vaccines that are required for all dogs. The 2022 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines and associated resources help veterinarians design vaccination protocols based on the dog’s lifestyle and what they are at risk for. “Core” for an individual patient means giving the vaccines required for ALL dogs PLUS vaccines required based on the dog’s lifestyle and risk factors. Personalized Canine Vaccination Plans What does “core for you” mean? As a fully vaccinated pup, Clark represents the everyday superheroes who safeguard human and animal health by doing their part to stay protected. Clark is our mascot for the 2022 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines, designed by artist Lili Chin.
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